Solar Panels installation - Save 90% On Your Power Bill

     Solar power installation of 1 kW in the U.S. costs about U.S. $ 3 000. But it pays only for 14-15-year work, which, compared with the same thermal power, prohibitively long. Therefore, to transform solar energy into electricity on an industrial scale is mostly used by the method proposed, according to legend, even in the III century BC. e. famous scientist Archimedes Siracusa. However, sunlight is used then it is not the purpose of obtaining cheap energy and for the defense of Syracuse native, attacked from the sea gallery Roman commander Martsella. Here is what he wrote about it in his «History» Byzantine hronist Tsetsi: «When the Roman ships were at the distance of flight arrows, Archimedes became operational hexagonal mirror, composed of small square mirrors that can be moved with the help of hinges and metal lath. He found a mirror, so that they intersect in the middle of winter and summer solar lines, and therefore adopted by this mirror the sun's rays, reflected, creating heat, which the court drew the Romans into ashes, while they were at a distance of flight-shot ».
     It is based on the principle of modern gelioelektrostantsy. Installed in a large, up to several thousand square meters of mirror-geliostaty, pivots, following the sun, sending rays of sunlight on the tank with a heat sink, as normally the water. Then everything happens the same way as in conventional thermal power plants: water is heated, boil, turning into vapor, steam turns a turbine, the turbine transmits rotation to the generator rotor, and that produces electricity. In the United States now has several hybrid solar-thermal power plants with total capacity of more than 600 MW. Day they work from the Sun, and at night, so that water does not cool down and the electricity does not end - from the gas. The temperature of steam in the plant reaches 370 degrees Celsius, and pressure - 100 atmospheres.
     The first industrial solar power plant was built in 1985 in the USSR in the Crimea, not far from the city Shchelkine. SES-5 had peak power of 5 MW. The same as the first nuclear reactor. For 10 years she has developed a whole 2 million kWh of electricity, but the cost of electricity has been quite high, and in the mid 90's it was closed. At this time work increased in the States, where the company Loose lndustries at the end of 1989 launched a 80-megawatt solar-gas power plant. Over the next 5 years, the same company, only in California, has built such SES another 480 MW and brought the cost of a «solar-gas» kWh to 7-8 cents. What's really not bad compared to 15 cents per kWh of energy - in many cost electricity produced by nuclear power plants.
     Use solar power in byty possible without turning it into electricity. In order to «protopit» cold room or warm water in the plumbing, you can directly take advantage of solar heat. Installations, collect, preserve and transmit this heat, called solar collectors. In its simplest form it looks like this: on the roof of the house or on its southern wall panel is installed, consisting of thin tubes, which in a special tank battery-fed water. The sun heats the tube, the heated water, water (temperature in the system tray when using a mirror can reach up to 60-90 ° C) accumulated in the tank and then used for heating or hot water. Homes equipped with such systems (which usually doukomplektovyvayutsya and silicon solar cells), called «solar houses». On the one hand, this house is more expensive than usual, but on the other - it allows you to dramatically reduce utility payments - by 50-70%.
     However, there are more serious system. One of these was built in the United States in the State of New Mexico in 1978 and worked until now. Name - The National Solar Thermal Test facility for
The solar station - United States
American solar installation NSTTF thermal tests and experiments in the field of energy. One of the old ways of taking solar energy являетяся SES coined Bernard Дюбо. He proposed to build in the deserts of vast glass canopies with a high chimney.
A solar roof of the world (power plants)
Association TransOption, uniting public and private transport companies of New Jersey every year to organize school teams racing automobile models listed in the motion of solar energy.
Solar Race
(NSTTF). Belongs to the Pentagon and it is used to verify the heat-resistant shells of military and civilian rockets. Contains NSTTF of the 60-meter tower of the target and 220 geliostatov, the size of 6x6 meters each. Mirrors, like Archimedean installation guide their sunny bunny polutorametrovoe in one spot at the top of the installation, where temperatures on sunny days rises to 2 000 ° C. A total of 2.5 times less than at the surface of the Sun, and 2 times higher temperatyry burning napalm. Installation of mirrors with an area of 8 500 m2 and the heat capacity of 5 MW.
     Construction «solar houses» in the West is gradually becoming a «rule of good form»: willing to pay for the house of 10 000 extra dollars are (1 500-3 000 dollars for solar collectors and 000 dollars for 7 items). Yet these few buyers - investments pay off only after 7-10 years. That is why the governments of developed countries, worrying about tomorrow, develop and fund programs that facilitate the financial burden on owners of «Solar Roofs». The names of these programs, the projects are roughly the same. The first was launched back in 1990 in Germany, the country - a leader in the construction of «solar houses». He called «1 000 solar roofs» (was subsequently renamed the «2 000 solar roofs»). Followed by Germany, such a project, just under the title «100 000 solar roofs», was adopted for all countries - EU members. In Japan, solar energy start moving with the program «70 000 solar roofs». And finally, the last project was born in the United States. For typical Americans, he was named giantism «1 000 000 solar roofs».
     Joined this movement and Mongolia to the project «100 thousand solar gers» ... Owners of homes or offices that have decided to spend on dooborudovanie residential and office premises of solar collectors and batteries, are in special registers and enjoy certain privileges. First, the state reimburses them some money. Second, they receive special tax lygoty. And third, they open access to special concessional loans and interest free loans. They are trained to use a free home energy system, and for companies engaged in the production, sale and installation «solar» technology, provides free market research, which many face. In the United States for this program is planned before the end of this decade to spend 6 billion dollars (only in energy conservation in federal buildings here takes about 3 billion dollars in the fiscal year). As a result, States have already exceeded its program: solar technology is already used in 1.5 million homes. Together, they save about 1 400 MW. A 1 400 megawatt saved is about 5 million tons per year is not burnt oil.
     In Germany the state not only compensates «solntsepoklonnikam» up to 70% of the cost of «solarization» houses, but also buys electricity from them at prices much higher than the market. That is the day when the house consumes little energy, and produces many of its surplus go to the city's network, but the owner receives 80 cents for each kWh put. At night, he himself buys electricity from the network, but for 20 cents. Thanks to this program in the country «bridge» solar panels on the roofs of half a million square meters a year. This is precisely the preimage is the same system with a huge number of tiny plants, which we have spoken above. For the sake of justice is to say that Russia, too, some of which are «solar home». In the Krasnodar Territory there is a «solar village» of forty houses, the roofs are decorated kilowatt solar panels. Several houses Use ing solar collectors are built in Moscow and Vladivostok.
     Apart from the high cost of solar panels, the main obstacle for the development of this energy - the Earth's atmosphere. That sky is not on time delayed the clouds, the smoke from a neighboring factory closes Sun. Yes, and absolutely clear skies, with light passing through the atmosphere, losing some of its energy. If humankind was able to build a power plant in space, it could well be dispensed cell area of about 10 000 km2. But then again we are faced with two questions. First, as these cells go up, and, secondly, how to deliver electricity is received on the Earth. Do not pull the same power transmission line length to 35 786 km (at high power should fly in order to maintain its position in the sky remained unchanged). Theoretically, these problems have been solved back in 1968 when the idea of space became the first SES, and in 1973 the decision had been issued with the relevant patent. Delivery of the elements in the space under patent, of course, is space vehicles, the other way, we do not yet know. And energy to 3emlyu scheduled to move in a particular electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of one millimeter to one meter. This kind of space radar.
     Unlike sunlight, this microwave beam at «breakdown» atmosphere would lose no more than 2% of energy. Then, in the early 70's, due to the high cost of both solar cells as well as space flight, the idea of «KosmoSES» was recognized fully economically untenable. But times change, and prices sometimes fall. Recently, space idea raised Professor, Institute for Space Systems (Houston, USA) Dr. David Krisvell. However, in its projects, she has acquired several other features. The main difference is that Krisvell proposed solar power plants are not placed in the open space and on the surface of the true satellite-the Moon. In doing so, lost a danger that they will ever fall to the ground or fly away in the dark, confused meteorite. Produce items can be directly on the site of improvised material, a small plant - on the Moon, too, silicon is more than enough.
     Delivery of energy to the Earth will be implemented already described above. To receive antenna should be built a few fields, the size of several hundred square kilometers. Sam beam totally safe, and no clouds or clouds do not become an obstacle for him. However, about half from the solar energy is still lost on the road and at intermediate conversions. Such stations must be on the lunar equator to build 5, then at any time two or three of them will be on the day side of our satellite. This project, after implementation of which the inhabitants of Earth to provide electricity for the next century, according to the doctor Krisvella to cost $ 60 billion. This is three times more expensive than the program «Apollo», oboshedshayasya to 19.5 billion dollars (though in the 60's of the dollar cost of 4.5 times more expensive). But four times cheaper than the war in Iraq (240 billion dollars). And in fact, probably better to build a station on the Moon than on Earth to fight for oil. Yes, at the same time and money you can save money, save on your power bill
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